Life of Hazrat Umer Farooq:

Islamic Brains
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 Hazrat Umar (RA) was born in 583 AC. He spent his childhood and young age in the pre-Islamic society and he followed the steps of Quraish and was an opponent of Islam and the Holy Prophet (PBUH). Hazrat Umar Farooq (RA) spent his childhood in hard work and struggles.Hazrat Umar (RA) was the son of Khattab. He was initially a non-Muslim but converted to Islam later. After his becoming Muslim, he was given the title of "Al-Farooq meaning the one who distinguishes the right from wrong. His conversion to Islam is also one of the most remarkable events in Islamic History.Hazrat Umer (RA) is counted as one of the Righteous Caliphs. His personality was characterized by courage and bravery as well as understanding of matters and leadership skills. After assuming the position of Khilafah he established a regular and central government. 

Hazrat Umar ibn al-Khattab, commonly known as Hazrat Umar Farooq, was the second caliph of the Rashidun Caliphate and a pivotal figure in early Islamic history. His life and leadership had a profound impact on the development of the Islamic state and its administration.

Hazrat Umar established the diwan (a register of warriors pensions that over time evolved  into a powerful government body), inaugrated the Islamic Hijri calender and created the office of the qadi (judge). He also established the garrrison cities of Al-Fustat in Egypt and Basra and Kufah in Iraq.

Advice of Hazrat Umar: 

I advice you to fear Allah and fear his wrath, lest you do anything wrong. I Advice you to fear Allah with regard to the people but do not fear the people with regard to Allah. I advice you to treat the people justly and to devote yourself to looking after and protecting them against their enemies. 

Early Life

Born in 584 CE in Mecca, Hazrat Umar was a member of the Adi clan of the Quraysh tribe. He was known for his strong personality and was initially a fierce opponent of Islam. However, his life took a transformative turn in 616 CE when he embraced Islam, a decision that significantly impacted his personal life and the early Muslim community.

Contributions and Leadership

**1. As a Caliph: Umar became the second caliph in 634 CE, succeeding Abu Bakr. His reign is noted for its administrative efficiency, expansion of the Islamic state, and the establishment of lasting institutions.

**2. Expansion of the Empire: Under Umar’s leadership, the Islamic state expanded significantly. He oversaw the conquests of the Sassanian Empire and parts of the Byzantine Empire, including Egypt, Syria, and Palestine. His strategic vision and military acumen played a crucial role in these expansions.

**3. Administrative Reforms: Umar introduced several key administrative and social reforms. He established a judicial system with appointed judges and implemented welfare programs, including the distribution of stipends to the poor and elderly. He is also credited with creating the Islamic calendar, based on the Hijra (migration of Prophet Muhammad from Mecca to Medina).

**4. Legal and Social Reforms: He worked on codifying Islamic laws and ensuring justice. His leadership emphasized the rule of law and was marked by a strong commitment to fairness and equity. Umar’s justice system was known for its transparency and effectiveness.

Character and Legacy

Hazrat Umar is remembered for his unwavering commitment to justice and his robust administrative abilities. His nickname, "Farooq," means "the one who distinguishes between right and wrong," reflecting his reputation for moral clarity and integrity.

**1. Piety and Humility: Despite his powerful position, Umar led a life marked by piety and humility. He was known for his personal asceticism and his dedication to the welfare of his people.

**2. Assassination: Umar’s life was tragically cut short when he was assassinated in 644 CE by a Persian slave named Abu Lu'lu'ah. His death marked the end of a transformative era in Islamic history.

Conclusion

Hazrat Umar Farooq's legacy endures as a model of strong, principled leadership. His contributions to the early Islamic state set standards for governance and administration that have influenced subsequent generations. His life remains a subject of deep respect and study within the Islamic tradition, embodying values of justice, leadership, and dedication to public welfare.

Hazrat Umar Farooq, often referred to as Umar ibn al-Khattab, was the second caliph of the Rashidun Caliphate, succeeding Abu Bakr as-Siddiq. His caliphate lasted from 634 to 644 CE, and he is renowned for his significant contributions to the early Islamic state. Here’s a more detailed look at his life and achievements:

Early Life and Conversion

  • Birth: Umar ibn al-Khattab was born around 584 CE in Mecca, into the Adi clan of the Quraysh tribe. He was known for his strong physique and sharp intellect.
  • Conversion to Islam: Initially, Umar was an adversary of Islam and a fierce opponent of the Prophet Muhammad. However, after a dramatic personal transformation and spiritual awakening, he converted to Islam around 616 CE. His conversion was a turning point for the early Muslim community, bringing significant influence and support.

Leadership and Reforms

  • Caliphate: Upon the death of Abu Bakr in 634 CE, Umar was elected as the second caliph. His leadership marked a period of extensive expansion and administrative reforms.
  • Administrative Reforms: Umar is credited with laying down many administrative structures that helped in the efficient governance of the rapidly expanding Islamic empire. He established a formal administrative framework, including the creation of a judicial system and a public welfare system.
  • Military Expansion: His reign saw the significant expansion of the Islamic empire, including the conquest of the Sassanian Empire and substantial portions of the Byzantine Empire. Notable conquests under his leadership included Jerusalem and parts of Egypt.

Legal and Social Reforms

  • Legal Reforms: Umar introduced several legal reforms, including the establishment of a more structured legal system and the codification of Islamic laws. He is also known for his role in compiling the Quran into a single book form.
  • Social Welfare: He was known for his concern for social justice and welfare. Umar implemented measures to support the poor and needy, and he was known for his personal humility and commitment to justice.

Governance and Legacy

  • Governance Style: Umar’s governance was characterized by strict adherence to Islamic principles and a commitment to justice. He was known for his consultation with companions and for his straightforward approach to ruling.
  • Assassination: Umar was assassinated in 644 CE by a Persian slave named Abu Lulu. His death marked the end of a transformative era for the early Islamic state.

Legacy

  • Influence: Umar Farooq's policies and reforms had a lasting impact on the development of the Islamic state. He is remembered as a just and effective leader whose governance set important precedents for future Islamic rulers.
  • Character: He is often praised for his piety, fairness, and dedication to the welfare of his people. His reign is considered one of the golden periods of Islamic leadership.

Hazrat Umar Farooq's contributions to Islam and governance continue to be studied and revered, and his leadership remains an exemplary model of justice and effective rule in Islamic history.

 

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